Backlight Module: Provides the light source to illuminate the pixels of the display. Especially important in LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), but not necessary in OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) screens because each pixel can emit its own light.
Liquid Crystal Layer/Pixel Array: For LCD screens, the liquid crystal layer controls the alignment of liquid crystal molecules through an electric field, thereby changing the light transmittance; while the pixel array of an OLED screen consists of millions of independently emitting OLED units.
Color Filter: Used to provide color to the LCD screen; each pixel contains sub-pixels of red, green, and blue colors.
Polarizer: Ensures that light from only specific directions can pass through, enhancing the display effect.
Touch Layer: Some mobile phone displays integrate touch functionality, allowing users to operate the phone by touch.
Protective Glass: Covers the surface of the display to prevent scratches and impacts.